Haemato Oncology & BMT

Haemato Oncology & BMT Overview

Haemato Oncology focuses on the diagnosis and treatment of blood disorders and cancers, including leukemia, lymphoma, and multiple myeloma. Bone Marrow Transplant (BMT) is a specialized procedure to replace damaged or diseased bone marrow with healthy stem cells. The process includes accurate diagnosis, personalized treatment planning, transplant preparation, and long-term follow-up for sustained recovery.

Common Conditions

• Leukemia (Acute & Chronic)
• Lymphoma (Hodgkin and Non-Hodgkin)
• Multiple Myeloma
• Aplastic Anemia
• Thalassemia and Sickle Cell Disease
• Other Blood Disorders and Cancers

Diagnostic Process

1. Clinical Evaluation: Assessment of symptoms such as fatigue, bleeding, infections, and medical history to understand the blood disorder or cancer.
2. Basic Tests:
   • Complete Blood Count (CBC)
   • Peripheral Blood Smear
   • Biochemical Tests
3. Advanced Diagnostics:
   • Bone Marrow Biopsy
   • Flow Cytometry
   • Cytogenetic and Molecular Testing
   • Imaging (CT, PET-CT)
4. Final Confirmation: Diagnosis is confirmed through a combination of tests to plan chemotherapy, targeted therapy, or bone marrow transplant.

Treatment Options

Medical Management:

• Chemotherapy and Targeted Therapy
• Immunotherapy
• Supportive Care (Blood Transfusions, Growth Factors)
• Pain and Symptom Management

Bone Marrow Transplant (BMT) Procedures:

• Autologous Transplant (Patient’s own stem cells)
• Allogeneic Transplant (Donor stem cells)
• Conditioning Therapy (Pre-transplant chemotherapy/radiation)
• Post-transplant Monitoring and Support

Procedure Step-by-Step (Example: Bone Marrow Transplant)

1. Pre-Transplant Preparation: Detailed evaluation, matching donor, conditioning therapy, and infection prevention measures.
2. Stem Cell Infusion: Healthy stem cells are infused into the patient’s bloodstream to restore bone marrow function.
3. Post-Transplant Monitoring: Close observation for infection, graft-versus-host disease, and blood counts until recovery.
4. Recovery & Long-Term Follow-Up: Gradual immune recovery, supportive care, and regular monitoring for complications and relapse prevention.

Recovery & Rehabilitation

Recovery involves close medical supervision, supportive therapies, nutrition, and lifestyle adjustments. Rehabilitation aims to improve immunity, reduce complications, and enhance overall quality of life after transplant or therapy.

Possible Risks

• Infections due to weakened immunity
• Graft-versus-Host Disease (GVHD)
• Bleeding or anemia
• Organ toxicity from chemotherapy/radiation

Follow-Up Care

Regular follow-up visits, blood tests, imaging, and immune system monitoring are essential to maintain health, prevent relapse, and ensure long-term recovery.