Opthamology

Ophthalmology Overview

Ophthalmology focuses on the diagnosis, treatment, and management of eye-related conditions. From vision correction and cataract care to advanced retinal and corneal treatments, the specialty ensures comprehensive eye health for patients of all ages. The approach includes clinical evaluation, imaging, corrective procedures, and long-term follow-up to preserve and improve vision.

Common Eye Conditions

• Cataracts
• Glaucoma
• Refractive Errors (Myopia, Hyperopia, Astigmatism)
• Diabetic Retinopathy
• Age-related Macular Degeneration (AMD)
• Dry Eye Syndrome
• Corneal Disorders and Infections

Diagnostic Process

1. Clinical Evaluation: Assessment of vision clarity, eye pressure, eye movements, light sensitivity, and complete medical history.
2. Basic Tests:
   • Visual Acuity Test
   • Slit-Lamp Examination
   • Intraocular Pressure Measurement
3. Advanced Diagnostics:
   • OCT (Optical Coherence Tomography)
   • Fundus Photography
   • Corneal Topography
   • Visual Field Analysis
4. Final Confirmation: Detailed imaging and functional tests help confirm the diagnosis and plan medical, laser, or surgical treatment.

Treatment Options

Medical & Non-Surgical Care:

• Prescription glasses and contact lenses
• Medications for infections, allergies, and glaucoma
• Artificial tears for dry eyes

Laser Procedures:

• LASIK and PRK for vision correction
• Laser treatment for diabetic retinopathy
• Laser iridotomy for glaucoma
• Capsulotomy for post-cataract clarity

Surgical Procedures:

• Cataract Surgery
• Retinal Surgery
• Corneal Transplant
• Pterygium Removal
• Glaucoma Surgery (Trabeculectomy, Shunts)

Procedure Step-by-Step (Example: Cataract Surgery)

1. Pre-Surgery Evaluation: Eye measurements, imaging, and discussion of lens implant options to plan the surgery.
2. During Surgery: The cloudy lens is removed using ultrasound technology and replaced with a clear artificial lens.
3. Post-Surgery Monitoring: Vision clarity, eye pressure, and healing progress are monitored closely.
4. Recovery & Aftercare: Eye drops, protective eye shields, and follow-up visits ensure proper healing and improved vision.

Recovery & Rehabilitation

Recovery includes medication, protective measures, and gradual resumption of normal activities. Regular checkups help monitor vision quality, eye pressure, and retina health for long-term stability.

Possible Risks

• Infection or inflammation
• Dryness or irritation
• Changes in eye pressure
• Blurry vision (temporary)
• Retinal complications (rare)

Follow-Up Care

Routine eye examinations, medication review, lifestyle advice, and vision assessments are essential for maintaining eye health and preventing future complications.